Indian Walnut

Aleurites moluccana, commonly known as Indian Walnut or candlenut, is a species native to the tropical regions of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, including Indonesia, the Philippines, and Hawaii. This tree typically reaches heights of 10 to 25 meters, exhibiting a broad, rounded crown. Its growth habit is characterized by a straight trunk that can be up to 1 meter in diameter, and it often develops a dense canopy that provides ample shade.

The leaves of Aleurites moluccana are large, alternate, and simple, measuring 15 to 30 centimeters in length. They are ovate to elliptical in shape, with a glossy green surface and a paler underside, featuring prominent venation. The tree produces small, fragrant flowers that are generally yellowish-white and occur in clusters. These flowers are followed by the development of fruit, which are round, woody capsules containing one to three seeds. The seeds, known for their high oil content, are often used in traditional cooking and as a source of light when burned, hence the common name “candlenut.” Additionally, the oil extracted from the seeds has applications in cosmetics and as a lubricant.

Aleurites moluccana plays an important ecological role in its native habitats, providing food and shelter for various wildlife species. Its seeds are a food source for birds and other animals, while the tree itself can contribute to soil stabilization and improvement through its leaf litter. The species is also valued by humans for its timber, which is used in construction and furniture making. An interesting adaptation of Aleurites moluccana is its ability to thrive in poor soils, as it can fix nitrogen through symbiotic relationships with certain soil bacteria, enhancing soil fertility and supporting surrounding plant life.